PRESENTED BY:
NAME INDEX
FAITH KIGEN 5621019006
FLAVIAN TANUI 5621019019
CENTER NAME: EMINING TECHNICAL TRAINING INSTITUTE
PAPER NAME: TRADE PROJECT
PRESENTED TO: KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF CERTIFICATE IN INFORMATION COMMUNICATION MODULE II
SUPERVISOR: MADAM WINNIE
SERIES: JULY 2021
DECLARATION
We declared that this project research has derive from our own means of perspective and it has not yet been submitted for the award of certificate course to the institution
Names of presenter: _______________________
Date: _______________________ Signature: _________________
Date: _______________________ Signature: __________________
Date: _______________________ Signature: _________________
Name of supervisor_________________
Date: _______________________ Signature: __________________
DEDICATION
Special dedication goes to our parents for their financial and moral support and care they have given hand to us throughout period of learning at Emining Technical Training Institute.
Special thanks and God see you through, much blessing for you all.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to acknowledge the big contribution of the group members and also our supervisor Madam Winnie, for her support and encouragement that enabled us to write this project effectively.
We also recognized the support we received from our classmates for the healthy discussion made. We would like to recognize the concern of our teachers for their great moral support and guidance when Madam Winnie was not around .Thank you All.
ABSTRACT
KISERE database management system is able to take all the records based on the rentals management, thus solving the problem of data storage .The purpose of creating this database system is to enhance the flexibility of keeping records as many housing department face a lot of challenges due to confusion or duplication of data.
In this system each tenant will have specific code details of the house that he/she has rented.This will prevent data duplication therefore enhancing the following set-up and progress of payment.
The objectives attained for KISEREdatabase management system is data storage and record updating. Other co-factor objectives include accuracy of data,efficiency of data and feedback, data duplication, online follow-up and inquiry, infrastructuremanagement and online payment.
The expected finding of this system is that it should be able to make housing management by the care-taker and the landlord easy asmost of the tenants find it hard talking with the owners.The methods of house payment can be through M-pesa, cash and bank account given by the owner.
This system will generate monthly report from house rented and the progress of the payment will be outlined. This will help the owner in checking he/she is gaining profit from his rentals and monitor those tenants who haven’t paid the rent so that further inquiries can be done.
CHAPTER 1
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The introduction of this chapter will focus on the following: background information of the study, statement of the problem, and study of the objective, researchquestions, and significance of the study, scope the study and limitations of the study.
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The advancement of technology has made people become more populated in urban area thus the number of housing in urban places are rented thus becoming a business sector nowdays. KISERE database management system will be able to keep records and produce monthly report on the houses rented and paid.
The main purpose of creating this system is store records as many people build a lot of houses and they cannot be grammaticallynoted all the time. Therefore this will be use of management as the new tenant will be require to give his or her details to be entered to the system and pay a deposit of fixed price for maintenance as he/she stays in the house.
It will be efficient as no need for follow-up as the contributing factor or the house manager will have your details thus communication will be convenient and fast in case of any problem occur a pointto be made need can be easy.
Data captured will be accurate as all the transaction will have a detailed date, time and hour of payment. This will reduce the chances of the house manager or the caretaker not having details of payment or details of tenants.
Data duplication and repetition will not occur as each tenant is given a specific code that he/she will include in payment thus will differentiate the house number.Also the details of the owner will be noted as a problem will occur for further investigations.
1.2STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Currently in Kenya civil servants of the government are facing a big challenge in housing, as the government has not built them enough houses. The people who have built rentals houses for business opportunity has takenup that sector thus this will be applicable for them to acquire KISERE database management system.
In case of system failure, data cannot be lost as the method of storage also will be cloud-factory, thusin case of virus attack to the system a back-up will be available, and the backup is updated monthly.
This system will improve cost saving as the tenants will not be required to contact the owner for payment he/she just do the banking or through M-pesa .Also the landlord or house manager will not have a huge task in collecting the payment he /she will have to check all the system and follow-up the house paid.
Over the years landlords/property managers have had a problem in maintaining and managing their customers and their own records. Management has become difficult because of issues that include:
- Data growth
Data increase day to day. Storing and maintaining all data manually is very difficult
- Lack of computerized system
Currently most landlords/property managers use the manual system in recording and maintaining their property and customers data
- Data security is not assured
In a manual way, data is recorded on books/papers which may easily get damaged leading to loss of data.
- There is no database to store information
Potential of data loss or damage is very high because data is stored on tangible files.
Lack of these crucial requirements makes management of the tenants and houses very difficult as some tenants may end up not paying rent.
1.3SCOPE OF THE SYSTEM
The project scope defines the description of the work that is required in delivering the rental house management system. The following are the scopes of work during the course of the project: Study and understand the requirement of this project Construct Software Requirement Specification document of the system Construct Software Design Document of the system
The study will based on impressing a database system that system help in keeping of house given to tenant and payment accounting and management. The system will keep track of all houses.
1.4.1 GENERAL OBJECTIVES
- Maintenance-To maintain records of the tenants.
- Generation of report-To make sure that all reports are generated each month without delay.
- Easy date sorting and filtering-The date sorting and filtering will be very easier.
- No duplication-Duplication of records and reductions of errors during data entry is not allowed.
- Cost efficiency maybe high-Cost efficiency maybe high in the long run, compared to manual system becomes less workable therefore making the system more efficient.
The project objectives will also be entailed as per the following specification;
- To develop a rental house management system that allows the user to view customers’ data as well as houses record.
- To develop a system that allows the users to add, edit, search and delete data from the database
- To study and analyze the requirement specifications of the rental house management system
- To produce the Software Requirement Specification of the system
- To produce the Software Design Document of the system
1.4.2RESEARCH QUESTIONS
- The security of the rentals where tenants will rent?
- How payments of rental money to the landlords/landladies be paid by the tenants is it through cash or M-pesa?
- What is the penalty if the delay of paying rental money occurs by tenants?
- How can one acquire the house to rent or how can one reach the landlord?
- Who to concern incase emergency occurs or if any of the tenants needs anything who to pass through before reaching to the landlord/landlady.
1.4.3 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
There are many challenges faced in data collection for example during responding of questionnaires, some questions are answered based on the topics.
Some of the source of information was based on memory and therefore subject to omission or poor restructured of words is a fact poor record keeping on personnel records made data collection difficult.
There was also limited timetoadminister the research instruments but with the assistance of the organization and its departments they were to fulfill the questionnaire. Even though theabovelimitations merely experienced theydidnotaffect the finding of the study.
1.4.4 ADVANTAGES OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM
- Maintaining records of the tenants.
- Generating of report each month.
- Accurate calculation of payment is done.
- Easy date sorting and filtering.
- No duplication of records and reductions of errors during data entry
- Cost efficiency may be high in the long run; cost effectiveness compared to manual system becomes less workable therefore making the system more efficient.
CHAPTER 2
INTRODUCTION
This chapter will focus on the following subtitles: Literature review, Samples of tenants and/or landlord educational initiativesand Bibliography.
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
A Literature review is a survey of scholarly sources on specific topics.It provides an overview of current knowledge, allow you to identify relevant theories, methods and gaps in the existing research.
The followings explain more about literature review:
2.1Prevention strategies, impacts and emerging practices.
These sections of the literature review examine some of the emerging concept that has been written about homeless prevention, and begin to sketch out a prevention framework that situates tenants and landlord education within it.
The literature on homeless prevention borrows extensively from health prevention framework that distinguishes between primary, secondary and tertiary strategies.
Primary prevention
Primary prevention relates to preventing new cases of homeless among both the general population and those deemed at risk of homeless. There are two types of strategies and activities that are included under primary prevention: first are broad-based universal initiatives such as large scale investment in affordable housing and poverty reduction that lessen affordability issues in housings and create more social economics stability. Second for population deemed at the risk of homeless such as youth leaving fosters care, low-income people with mental illness.
Secondary prevention
Secondary prevention attempts to intervene at an early stage of homeless such as beginning of an eviction or when a householder first accesses a shelter. Some of the successful initiatives identify in the literature are emergency rent payment to landlord, utilityassistance, eviction prevention such as landlords tenants mediations and housing advice.
Tertiary prevention
Tertiary preventions focus on helping those whoexperience chronic homeless in finding houses stability.
2.2 Landlord-tenant Education as prevention.
Assessing the best practices in the realm of tenants and landlord education however is more difficult. So in order to prevent such the education between tenants and landlord should be provided.
2.3Other prevention education approaches and emerging practices.
There are numerous sets of literature dedicated to prevention in other areas of social policy, be it suicide, youth substance abuse, health, social violence and others numerous.
2.4 GOVERNMENT STRATEGY AND INCENTIVES IN THE HOUSING SECTOR Some of the dominant strategies for housing and service provision for the Kenya’s urban poor include slum upgrading and site and service schemes. However, the efficiency of these strategies has been limited by ambivalent government attitude to irregular settlement. These strategies have failed because of a reliance on inappropriate building by-laws and infrastructural standards and modern designs, construction technology and conventional building materials that all make housing unaffordable to the poor, even after subsidies.
Thus, government initiatives in assisting house owners in management have proven to be pathetically slow with many of the houses provided being economically and socially irrelevant, this further prompting the rise of informal settlement.
2.5 THE ROLE OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR IN HOUSE MANAGEMENT
Private sector housing management is defined as any process which is not connected at all with the actions of the state neither directly constructed by state nor financially sponsored by the state where production is not expected to have a social element (Gotland, 1996).
(Ambrose and Barlow, 1987) have argued that three factors are important in influencing the level of new house building. These are direct capital investment by the state for public housing, state support for production and consumption and changes in the profitability of house builders in the private sector.
The private sector can play an important role in housing provision provided that the state offers sufficient and appropriate incentives to the sector (Mitullar, 2003).
The clear motivation that underlies the private sector is profit (or potential profitability) with profit maximizing options being in the context of housing, producing and selling more of the product; reducing the cost of production through lower raw material and wage costs and finally increasing the price of the product or service (Hancock, 1998).\
Profitability in housing is advocated to be based on three variables; House prices, land prices and building costs, where: Profit=House prices-{Land prices + Building costs} (Gotland, 1996).
2.4 THE ROLE OF RELATIONAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (RDBMS)
(Levin, 1999) Database Management System (DBMS) has replaced the file system data management by having a pool of data that can be shared by multiple application programs and users concurrently. DBMS also provide logical and physical data independence, so that changing of data structure or application program will not affect one another.
CHAPTER 3
3.1 METHODOLOGY
The term methodology means the technique and procedure adopted by conducting a research study. It outlines how data will be collected and the tools for collecting data, system methodology, the proposed system input and output, users and systems development tools.
3.1 FACTS FINDING TECHNIQUES
It shows how data will be collected from the users of the system. The data collection techniques to be used include:
3.1.1 Objectives
It will use this technique to collect information about how the current system operates and its processes. This involves systematically watching and recording the behavior and characteristics of operations and processes.
It gives more detailed and context related information and can adapt to event as they occur however the method may be time consuming.
3.1.2 Questionnaires
We will prepare a number of questionnaires whereby we will submit them to business owners (Landlords) to get a deeper insight of how the system is going to work. I prefer this method because it gives more information from various individuals and offers greater flexibility as the opportunity to restructure questions.
This technique is preferred because it will provide a closer contact between the users and the developer hence dispelling the probability of the completed system being rejected by users.
This technique also:
- Permits clarification
- Has high response rate than interviews.
- Helps get full range and depth of information
3.1.3 Secondary Data Collection
This data we will collect from existing sources e.g. books, internet, journals and magazines that was collected by other researchers and analysis was done. It is from that data that we will then compare with the primary data and make a decision and conclusion.
3.2 SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT AND METHODOLOGY
System development methodology is a technique that is used to show how the proposed system will be developed. In this case, the methodology used will be a waterfall model.
3.2.1 Waterfall Model
It is comprised of the stages that the developer will use when developing the system. It is a sequential model hence, the name waterfall. The developer has to finish with one stage before going to the next one. It comprises of the feasibility study, analysis phase, design phase, coding phase, testing phase, implementation phase and finally the maintenance phase. It is a simple model and easy to use and understand.
With waterfall development based methodologies, the analysts and users proceed sequentially from one phase to the next. The deliverables from each phase are voluminous and are presented to the project sponsor for approval as the project moves from phase to phase. Once the phase is approved by the sponsor it ends and the next phase begins.
3.2.1.1 Feasibility study
Here, we will carry out a study to gain an understanding of the customers (tenants) current system and problems experienced in this system through interviews, observations, and participations. We will use the obtained data to determine the viability of the system being proposed in terms of technical, economic and social feasibility.
3.2.1.2 Requirement and analysis
At this stage, we will gather information about what the customer needs and define the problems the system is expected to solve. We will also include customers‟ business context, products functions and its compatibility. We will gather requirement such as software like the programming language to use, database model and hardware needed such as laptop, printers etc
3.2.1.3 Design
At this stage, we will make an overall design of the system architecture and physical design which includes User Interface and Database design. It is at this stage that we will identify any faults before moving onto the next stage. The output of this stage is the design specification which is used in the next stage of implementation.
3.2.1.4 Coding/Implementation
At this stage, we will begin coding as per the design specifications. The output of this step is one or more product components built according to a pre-defined coding standard and debugged, tested and integrated to satisfy the system architecture requirement.
3.2.1.5 Testing
At this stage, we will ensure both individual and integrated whole are methodically verified to ensure they are error free and satisfy customer requirement. We will involve both unit testing of individual code module, system testing of the integrated product and acceptance testing conducted by or on behalf of customer. We will ensure bugs found are corrected before moving to the next stage. We will also prepare, review and publish product documentation at this stage.
3.2.1.6 Installation
It is done once the product has been tested and certified as fit for use. The system is prepared for use at customer site.
3.2.1.7 Maintenance
This stage occurs after installation. It involves modifications on the system to improve performance. Such changes are user initiated or as a result of bug being discovered which were initially not known. These modifications are recorded for documentation and system update.
CHAPTER 4
SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND REQUIREMENT MODELLING
4.1 INTRODUCTION
The system objectives outlined during the feasibility study served as the basis from which the work of system design was initiated. Much of the activities involved at this stage were of technical nature requiring a certain degree of experience in designing systems sound knowledge of computer related technology and through understanding of computers available in the market and the various facilities provided by the vendors. Nevertheless, a system could not be designed in isolation without the active involvement of the user. The user had a vital role to play at this stage too.
Data collected during feasibility study was utilized systematically during the system design. Designing a system is a creative process which calls for logical as well as lateral thinking Logical approach involves systematic moves towards the end product keeping in mind the capabilities of the personnel and the equipment at each design making step.
4.2 EXISTING SYSTEM
Currently the most property managers manage property and tenants details on papers. Once customers finds a vacant house, they can call or email manager of the houses indicating the size of the house they would like rented to them. The property manager can email them back giving them all the details about the house they are requesting.
The details include;
- Rent per month
- Deposit paid
- Terms and conditions to follow acceptance
4.3 PROBLEMS OF EXISTING SYSTEM
With the current system recording the details of various activities of user is completely manual and entails a lot of paper work. Each house has a file that contains the house: number, size, rent per month, expected deposit, occupant and status.
Rent payment table contains tenants: first name, last name, Phone-number, date of payment, amount and balance if any.
The existing system only provides text based interface which is not as user friendly as Graphical user interface. Since the system is implemented manually, the response is very slow.
The transactions are not secure as papers may get lost or damaged. Hence, there is need of reformation of the system with more advantages and flexibility. The system eliminates most of the limitations of the existing system.
4.4 REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS
Requirement analysis involved defining customer needs and objectives in the context of planned customer use, environments and identified system characteristics to determine requirements for system functions.
4.4.1 User Requirements
It entailed user involvement and statements of facts and assumptions that define the expectations of the system in terms of mission objectives, environment, constraints and measures of effectiveness and suitability.
Basically the users:
- A system that improves on the efficiency of information storage and retrieval.
- A system that is easy to learn and use
- A system that is fast in processing transactions
- A system that is flexible, safe and convenient
4.4.2Functional Requirements
This is a necessary task, action or activity that was accomplished.
The proposed system is able to:
- Allow administrator to add a houses, tenant and defaulters details
- Allow the administrator to delete houses, tenants and defaulters details
- Allow the administrator to search data in the database
- Allow the administrator to edit data in the database
4.4.3 Hardware Requirements
- Processor 2.0 Ghz processor speed
- Memory 2GB RAM
- Visual Display Unit 800*600 colors
4.4.4 Software Requirements
- Operating System- windows 7
- Microsoft Office Power point- Used during presentation
- Microsoft visual basic 6
CHAPTER 5
SYSTEM DESIGN
- DESIGN PHASES
The user’s requirements document was analyzed for better understanding of what was required of the system. Ways of implementing these requirements were analyzed. Physical modules of the system were designed and identifying of the operating environment in which they were to work on. The system was a visual basic system/application. The database was updated each time the administrator; add, deletes or deletes data on the system.
It’s only the administrator who has access to the system to view or make changes when necessary. The system was designed to allow the administrator to view, edit, delete and add data to the database.
Each time a customer comes, he/she is registered in the tenant registration table of the database with other relevant details about the tenant.
System design involved transforming the software requirements into an architecture that described its top-level structure and identified the software components and developed adetailed design for each software components. For each requirement, a set of one or more design elements was produced.
- Conceptual Design
| Tenant |
| User |
Conceptual design was the very first phase of design in which drawings or solid models were the dominant tools andproducts. The conceptual design phase provided a description of the proposed system in terms of a set of integrated ideas and concepts about what it was to do, behave and look like, that was understandable by the users in the manner intended.
| System |
5.1.2 Database Design
The general theme behind a database is to handle information as an integrated whole. A database is a collection of interrelated data stored with minimum redundancy to serve the users quickly and effectively.
After designing input and output, the analyst must concentrate on database design or how data should be organized around user requirement. The general objective is to make information access, easy, quick and flexible for other users.
User Table
| Field Name | Data Type | Description |
| Username | Text (15) | Primary Key |
| Password | Text (15) |
House Table
| Field Name | Data Type | Description |
| Number | Text(15) | Primary Key |
| Size | Text(15) | |
| Rent | Text(15) | |
| Deposit | Text(15) | |
| Status | Text(15) | |
| Occupant ID | Text(15) | |
| First Name | Text(15) | |
| Last Name | Text(15) |
| Field Name | Data Type | Description |
| ID No | Text (15) | Primary Key |
| First Name | Text (15) | |
| Last Name | Text (15) | |
| Phone No | Text (15) | |
| Date Admitted | Text (15) | |
| House No | Text (15) |
Tenant Registration Details
Rent Payment Table
| Field Name | Data Type | Description |
| Tenant Phone No | Text (15) | Primary Key |
| Tenant ID | Text (15) | |
| First Name | Text (15) | |
| Last Name | Text (15) | |
| Amount Due | Text (15) | |
| Amount Paid | Text (15) | |
| Date paid | Text (15) | |
| Arrears | Text (15) |
- SOFTWARE INTERFACE
CHAPTER 6
SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
Implementation is the stage in the project where the theoretical design is turned into a working system. The implementation phase constructs, installs and operates the newsystem. The most crucial stage in achieving a new successful system is that it will work efficiently and effectively.
There are several activities involved while implementing a new project. They are End user training.
- End user Education
- Training on the application software
- Post implementation Review
- End user Training:
The successful implementation of the new system will purely upon the involvement of the officers working in that department. The officers will be imparted the necessary training on the new technology.
- End User Education:
The education of the end user start after the implementation and testing is over. When the system is found to be more difficult to understand and complex, more effort is put to educate the end user to make them aware of the system, giving them lectures about the new system and providing them necessary documents and materials about how the system can do this.
- Training of application software:
After providing the necessary basic training on the computer awareness, the users will have to be trained upon the new system such as the screen flows and screen design type of help on the screen, type of errors while entering the data, the corresponding validation check at each entry and the way to correct the data entered. It should then cover information needed by the specific user or group to use the system.
- Post Implementation review:
The department is planning a method to know the states of the past implementation process. For that regular meeting will be arranged by the concerned officers about the implementation problem and success.
- SOFTWARE TESTING
Is it possible to invoke each menu function using logical assumptions that if all parts of the system are correct, the goal will be successfully achieved? In adequate testing or non-testing will leads to errors that may appear few months later. That’s why it is very important to always test the new software. This creates two problems.
The purpose of the system testing is to consider all the likely variations to which it will be suggested and push the systems to limits.
The testing process focuses on the logical intervals of the software ensuring that all statements have been tested and on functional interval is conducting tests to uncover errors and ensure that defined input will produce actual results that agree with the required results. Program level testing, modules level testing integrated and carried out.
There are two major type of testing they are
1. White Box Testing.
2. Black Box Testing.
White Box Testing
White box sometimes called “Glass box testing” is a test case design that uses the control structure of the procedural design to drive test case.
Using white box testing methods, the following tests were made on the system.
- All independent paths within a module have been exercised once. In our system, ensuring that case was selected and executed checked all case structures. The bugs that were prevailing in some part of the code where fixed
b) All logical decisions were checked for the truth and falsity of the values.
Black box Testing
Black box testing focuses on the functional requirements of the software. This is black box testing enables the software engineering to derive a set of input conditions that will fully exercise all functional requirements for a program. Black box testing is not an alternative to white box testing rather it is complementary approach that is likely to uncover a different class of errors that white box methods like.
- Interface errors.
- 2) Performance in data structure.
- 3) Performance errors.
- 4) Initializing and termination errors.
CHAPTER 7
RECOMMENDATIONS
Our project is meant to satisfy the needs of rental house owners. Several user friendly interfaces have also been adopted. This package shall prove to be a powerful in satisfying all the requirements of the users.
It is with utmost faith that I present this software to you hoping that it will solve your problems and encourage you to continue appreciating technology because it is meant to change and ease all our work that seems to be very difficult. I don’t mean that my project is the best or that I have used the best technology available it just a simple and a humble venture that is easy to understand.
However, I would encourage anyone who has the ability to advance it using advanced technologies so as to increase its capabilities.
7.1 CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the software can be used as an inventory system to provide a frame work that enables the mangers to make reasonable transactions made within a limited time frame. Each transaction made on the system go hand in hand with the data being updated in the database in our case it is Microsoft Access 2007 which is the back end. Last but not least it is not the work that played the ways to success but ALMIGHTY GOD.
APPENDIX I
EMINING TECHNICAL TRAINING INSTITUTE QUESTIONNAIRE TO BE ADMINISTERED TO RENTAL HOUSES MANAGERS/OWNERS
Dear respondent, we are students from Technical Training Institute of Emining, school of Pure Information Communication Technology undertaking a research project on Rental House Management. Your support towards this research will be appreciated and be treated with utmost confidentiality and for only academic purposes.
SECTION A:
Background information of the respondents Fill in the questions below by ticking where appropriate
- Kindly indicate your gender
Male Female
- Which is your age bracket?
18-25years 26-32years 33-55years 56 and above
- What is your highest academic qualification?
PhD Masters Degree Diploma Certificate
- What motivated you to venture into rental houses business?
——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————-
- How many rental houses do you have?
Indicate Number…………………..
- Do you have challenges in managing your houses?
Yes No
- If yes, kindly indicate some of the challenges you face
I)……………………………………………………………………………………… ii)……………………………………………………………………………………… iii)………………………………………………………………………………………… iv)………………………………………………………………………………………… v)………………………………………………………………………………………… vi………………………………………………………………………………………… vii…………………………………………………………………………………………. viii…………………………………………………………………………………………. ix)…………………………………………………………………………………………… x)……………………………………………………………………………………………
- Kindly indicate the greatest challenges? i)………………………………………………………………………………………….. ii)…………………………………………………………………………………………… iii)…………………………………………………………………………………………… iv)……………………………………………………………………………………………. v)…………………………………………………………………………………………
- Would you like to have a system that can assist you in management?
Yes No
SECTION B: Management System
Please indicate your level of agreement with the statements below
| Statement | Strongly Agree 1 | Agree 2 | Strongly Disagree 3 | Disagree 4 | Not sure 5 |
| The main objective of developing rental houses is to make money through rent paid by tenants | |||||
| Rental houses need to be managed by a system | |||||
| Management will assist to achieve the objective of owning rental houses | |||||
| The managing system should be easy to understand, flexible and quickly accessible |